Hi quest ,  welcome  |  

忘掉那些唱衰论,中國没有泡沫化(Forget the naysayers, China isn’t broken)

03/05/2013 |Philip Ehrmann|Financial Times
China just can’t seem to catch a break these days. For the country’s perennial naysayers, the issues facing the world’s second-largest economy are coming home to roost: slowing growth as China shifts from an export-dependent economy to a consumer-driven one, a boom in shadow banking prompting fears of a credit bubble, an overheating housing market and a flabby underbelly of inefficient state-owned companies that survive only thanks to cheap finance.


It’s a take on China that is, in my view, both fashionable and largely inaccurate, scaring investors away from a market that has the potential to offer a level of investment return that is increasingly difficult to find elsewhere.


Much of the latest concern about China revolves around recent GDP data showing the economy grew by “only” 7.7 per cent in the first three months of the year. Yes, the consensus expectation among economists was for growth of 8 per cent, but the economy is still ticking along at a pace that currently exceeds the Chinese government’s own 2013 GDP forecast of 7.5 per cent growth. Meanwhile, inflation, last year’s main source of worry, also looks to have been tamed. It slowed sharply in March, with consumer prices rising just 2.1 per cent from a year earlier.

All these figures point to a more benign economic climate compared to 12 months ago when the economy was in a process of slowing. Companies have been the main beneficiaries of this stabilisation of the economy. On a trip to China in early March, senior executives at several firms I visited were more positive about the outlook for their business, telling us inventories were returning to more normal levels, while customers were being more judicious about paying promptly for goods and services. The consensus forecast is for Chinese companies to achieve earnings growth in the region of 12-14 per cent for 2013, which in my view is achievable given the low point of comparison with the previous year.

There is, however, some legitimate concern over the growth of “shadow banking” in China, which refers to a variety of types of credit from trust loans, bank acceptance bills and underground lending, that don’t appear on banks’ balance sheets. The new administration has made it clear that it will continue to apply regulatory pressure to prevent a situation where the country might face the sort of financial crisis experienced by western nations in 2007-08.

The growth of shadow banking also points to the need for further deregulation and development of China’s capital markets to ensure appropriate sources of funding are available. The pace of reform should pick up as the new Chinese administration settles in. We expect to see measures taken to boost the development of a functioning corporate and municipal bond market as well as steps involving the liberalisation of interest rates and the creation of a deposit insurance scheme.

What becomes increasingly clear is that the Chinese authorities remain very attentive to any pinch points that may be developing in the economy. The property market is another case in point. Worrying signs of a housing bubble have prompted the authorities to make it more difficult for individuals, for instance, looking to obtain a loan to buy a third home.

The same proactive approach is now being taken with the country’s ailing state-owned companies. In March, the Chinese administration appointed Jiang Jiemin, the former chairman of the country’s biggest state-owned oil and gas producer, to head the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (Sasac). He is widely expected to launch reforms that will see state-owned firms in energy, transport and finance face more private competition.

Investors should always remember that China remains the land of the five year plan. It is a command economy. Both the new president, Xi Jinping, and premier Li Keqiang played key roles in formulating the country’s 12th five-year plan that runs until 2015. In a fast-developing nation like China, this highly structured approach to managing economic growth should be viewed as a reliable safety net for those seeking to invest in the country.

Philip Ehrmann is a director at Jupiter Asset Management


如今的中國似乎壞消息不斷。在一貫唱衰中國的人看來,世界第二大經濟體大難臨頭:在經濟從出口依賴型向消費驅動型轉變的過程中,增長趨於放緩;影子銀行的繁榮引發對信貸泡沫的憂慮;房地產市場過熱;依靠廉價融資才得以生存的國有企業低效、“虛胖”。
我認為,對中國的這種觀點雖然流行,但多半是錯誤的,中國市場有潛力提供在別處越發難以尋覓的高投資回報率,可是這種論調卻將投資者嚇跑。
近期對中國的擔憂主要集中在最新發布的國內生產總值(GDP)數據上:中國經濟在今年的頭三個月“僅僅”增長7.7%。的確,經濟學家們原本普遍預計增長率能達到8%,但當前中國經濟的運行速度起碼高於中國政府自身對2013年全年經濟增長7.5%的預測。與此同時,去年最令人擔憂的通脹看來有所緩和。3月份通脹率顯著下降,消費價格同比僅上升2.1%。
所有這些數據表明,比起12個月前經濟處於放緩軌道的局面,目前中國經濟環境更加有利。企業是經濟回穩的主要受益者。3月初我曾前往中國,拜訪了多家公司的高管。他們對自家企業的前景更為樂觀,並告訴我們庫存正回歸正常水平,而客戶也更加通情達理,願意及時支付貨物和服務款項。目前的預測共識是,2013年中國企業盈利將增長12%至14%,鑒於去年的比較基數較低,我認為這是可以實現的。
不過,有人對中國“影子銀行”的發展表達了合理的擔憂。影子銀行是指不出現在銀行資產負債表上的各種信貸,包括信托貸款、銀行承兌匯票和“地下錢莊”等等。新一屆政府明確表示將繼續施加監管壓力,防止西方國家在2007-08年經歷的金融危機在中國上演。
影子銀行的發展也表明,中國資本市場需要進一步放鬆管制和發展,以確保企業能夠從恰當的來源融資。隨著新政府度過適應期,改革應會提速。我們預料中國政府會採取措施推動公司債券和市政債券的良性發展,並拿出與利率自由化和建立存款保險制度相關的舉措。
越發明顯的是,中國當局仍然非常警惕經濟中所有可能正在發酵的危險因素。房地產市場是另一個典型例子。針對住房市場一些令人擔憂的泡沫跡象,當局出台了政策限制貸款購買第三套房等行為。
中國還對經營狀況不佳的國有企業採取同樣的積極應對策略。3月份,中國最大的國有石油和天然氣生產商中石油董事長蔣潔敏被任命為國資委(SASAC)主任。外界普遍預期他將推行改革,讓能源、交通和金融領域的國有企業面臨更多來自私營部門的競爭。
投資者應始終牢記,中國仍是實行“五年規劃”的計劃經濟國家。新主席習近平和新總理李克強在中國“十二五規劃”(截至2015年)的制定中發揮了重要作用。在像中國這樣快速發展的國家,這種極有條理的經濟增長管理方法應被視為投資者的可靠“安全網”。
菲利普•埃爾曼(Philip Ehrmann)是木星資產管理公司(Jupiter Asset Management)董事

中国PMI数据表现并不差,透露经济转型讯号
06/05/2013 |《Russell专栏》|路透
路透透朗塞斯顿5月6日 - 各项中国制造业指数回落几乎全被市场认定为是一件“坏事”,让各项商品价格进一步承压

这样的想法主要流传于西方投资人评论家之间,然而这忽略了一种可能性,即中国本身可能并没有那么担心其经济状况。

Market News先前报导指出,新任中国国务院总理李克强希望进行有关调降成长目标的研究,这则没有引起太大注意的新闻让人可以略为洞悉投资人与中国当局间想法差异。
李总理显然希望将国内生产总值(GDP)年增率目标从当前的7.5%降至7%,而中国刚在去年将长期以来的8%成长目标降至7.5%
该则报导引述接近国务院的不具名消息人士说法指出,前任领导层“不惜一切代价换取成长”的模式已经被舍弃倾向发展更可持续性的成长模式
尽管该则报导并未获得证实。但这的确符合新任领导层的主旋律,亦即经济成长应该由以往的出口产业及基础建设带动转向消费者需求推动
这意味着投资人最终将得改变对中国的思维,并承认其成长力道将放缓,但希望这样的发展能够具有长远保持一定水平的特质。
在此逻辑下,汇丰中国采购经理人指数(PMI)从3月的51.6降至50.4,官方PMI从50.9降至50.6,都不应被视为是令人大失所望的数据
我或许没有看完全部的评论,但我都没有看到有人强调这是汇丰PMI连续第六个月守在50的景气荣枯分水岭之上。
应当谨记的是,PMI是月度指标,因此指数高于50达六个月的时间,意味着过去半年内每个月状况都在好转
这看起来并不完全是个糟糕的状况,PMI跌破50才更教人担心
当然,指数跌向50让人担心事况正朝错误的方向发展,但这样的想法漏掉了一点,即4月工业状况优于3月的事实,真正有改变的是经济活动改善的速度放缓
我认为这符合中国可能浮现的新经济模式也就是往后经济成长的变动加大,对于全球状态及周期性放缓时期作出反应更为常见,就如同西方国家经济体表现依样。
对于中国大宗商品进口需求而言,这有什么隐喻在其中呢?
两位数经济增速下需求持续成长的年代已经结束,同样地,大宗商品需求增速快过GDP的年代也一去不复返
而随着经济转趋更以消费者为重心,原油、铁矿石、铜、煤炭和其他大宗商品的进口,现在可能会比GDP成长要慢
商品进口的季节性变动也许会增强,对中国国内的库存变化也会更加敏感;对于煤炭等部分商品来说,关键在于国内供应的价格与国际价格的对比。
以原油为例,尽管经济温和复苏,中国今年第一季原油进口仍较上年同期下滑2.3%
中国的炼厂很可能一直在动用库存,并增加成品油出口,以弥补国内燃料需求放缓造成的伤害
但由于炼厂维修计划多已完成,且夏季需求高峰渐至,原油进口也可能会再度开始回升。
第一季铁矿石进口亦较上年同期下滑,微降0.02%。
该数字与过去六个月温和的经济成长不一致,但亦反映出基建需求慢于预期,以及第一季铁矿石价格的高企。
相反,第一季度煤炭进口大增了27.3%。由于电厂发电增长放慢,所以煤炭进口本应该呈现疲弱的。
鉴于低廉的国内价格,该趋势可能无法得以持续,但这确实显示出较低的国际价格目前正成为影响中国对大宗商品需求一个越来越大的因素。
对于大宗商品进口来说,现在已不是当年那种简单的拿中国GDP预估值乘以一个乘数,就能得出进口预估的时代了。
各种大宗商品将遵循不同的路径,取决于中国经济发展情况、库存水平,以及海运价格与国内价格之间的关系
换句话说,靠中国题材轻松获利的年代已经远去,虽然这会让部分投资者失望,但中国的城镇化在未来10年仍会吸纳约1.5亿人进入城市,能适应新形势的投资者仍然能从中获利




linkwithin》

Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...