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台灣人不讀書

05/04/2013 | William Blythe | The Atlantic Monthly

Why Doesn't Anyone in Taiwan Read Anymore?
A newly released survey conducted by the Ministry of Culture in Taiwan reports that the Taiwanese read only two books a year on average. While the well-known Chinese adage "with just one book, a man is never poor" offered some comfort to centuries of impecunious literati as they honed their calligraphy to the neglect of their purse, two books hardly adds up to an intellectual fortune. For decades, Taiwan has boasted a reputation as a literary society. Why then, is there such a discrepancy between Taiwan's cultivated image and its book-shunning public?

One plausible explanation for their seeming disregard for the printed word is that reading habits have changed. As the Ministry of Culture's report points out, the publishing industry is facing fierce competition from digital media as more and more people turn to the Internet as their main source of information. But Taiwan's abscence from the top table of internet users in a survey by comscore would seem to suggest that the Taiwanese are online less than their neighbors in China, Japan, and South Korea, who read 4.3 books, 8.4 books, and 10.8 books per year respectively. Nor, as the Minister for Culture Long Yingtai has highlighted, is the digital book market in Taiwan growing at an alarming rate; publishers seem reluctant to release their products in digitized form, perhaps for fear that they will fall victim to piracy.

The Taiwanese are reading less than their Asian neighbors, and book stores are floundering. In 2012, the turnover of the domestic book market was 76.4 billion NTD (about $2.5 billion), a 5.4 percent drop from the previous year. In recent years, 70 percent of booksellers on Taipei's Chongqing South road, renowned for its cavernous bookshops and quirky literary parlors, have closed their doors to the public. In an effort to revitalize their dwindling industry, booksellers are calling for the government to issue book consumption vouchers, or institute a policy whereby book expenses can be claimed against tax.

However, Chu Anmin, the head editor of INK Publishing, believes that a drop in book sales does not mean decline in reading, as bookworms may be going to libraries to get their fill of print instead. My own experience of public libraries in Taiwan does not confirm this conjecture. The library, while rarely empty, does not primarily serve the function of providing material for enthusiastic readers. It is, rather, a place for elders to scan the newspaper and socialize. It is also a haven for excited young couples to romance behind the bookshelves, as Taiwanese young adults often live at home and must find a quiet corner in a public place to engage in intimate frivolity. Libraries even serve as battlegrounds for frenzied high school students cramming for university entrance exams. The bookshelves are an aesthetic backdrop to the struggles of youth and the languor of old age.

But if the statistics are true, then what two books have captured the attention of the Taiwanese public? A recent look at the bestsellers list of the nation's most popular online bookstore, www.books.com.tw, reveals the number-one book to be Bone-fide Medicine(《真原医》), by the dashing doctor Yang Dingyi. Books on health and beauty often sell the best. Next is Of Course You Can Get Your Sight Back (《视力当然可以回复》), by Nakakawa Kazuhiro, which details a series of eye exercises for people hopeful to improve their vision. The remaining eight books are Western novels (translated literature accounts for over 40% of all book sales and 80% of bestsellers), including two volumes from the Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy.

The notable absence of Taiwanese authors from these lists is a recent change. In the 1980s, when Taiwan's literary scene was in full swing, the pens of authors such as Huang Chunming, Wu Nianzhen, Zhang Dachun, and Li Ao were busy producing bestselling books that crowded the nation's shelves. Now, only Li Ao still struggles on, publishing provocative tracts on the depravity of American presidents and reeling off eclectic political and literary commentary on his weekly television show. With readers doing less reading, writers are doing less writing.

Despite this, Taipei is still a book lover's paradise. The streets and alleys around each university are awash with second hand bookstores selling rare editions of fine books at low prices. In the vicinity of National Taiwan University, each lane offers a specialized emporium where you may find a Burmese dictionary or a manual on sailors' knots from Fujian province. And then there is Eslite, known to locals as Chengpin (诚品). This super-bookstore, present in almost every large city in Taiwan, is a cultural phenomenon. It has given the book, that dusty old antique, a fresh, new image. Young couples go on dates to Eslite, and browse through the rooms of oak-lined bookshelves before catching a milkshake in the trendy café and then moving swiftly on to the public library to further their relations. But although Eslite, which turns a profit from real estate, not book sales, is not threatened by the menace of a two-book public, other bazaars of literary intrigue face a more uncertain future.

All of this has led some to ask, how can we get the Taiwanese public to read more?

Ye Meiyao, the head editor of New Classics Publishing House (新经典出版社),says that while a reform of book tax and pricing would help, the issue must also be addressed through education. From primary school onwards, children should not only be encouraged to read, but also told what to read, so that they develop the ability to choose a good book.
Some feel, however, that this is precisely this kind of muddle-headed idea that has put so many people in Taiwan off reading in the first place. Children are already overloaded with information from an early age, and must memorize and recite reams of Classical poetry to get through the school year. The last thing that students need is for a teacher to tell them what to read in their spare time.

One solution to the problem would be to allow for one hour of dedicated reading per day, during which time students would be able to delve into any book they wished. The distractions of modern entertainment mean that many children have not acquired the habit of sitting down quietly to read and develop their own interest in books. Literary taste, whether it is the best in science fiction, manga or French poetry, can go a long way to shaping one's personality. The Taiwanese preference for manuals on health doubtless affords us some understanding of the nation's psyche, but the empty bookshelf will keep us guessing.

William Blythe studies Chinese Literature at National Taiwan University.




台灣的重文憑但又不讀書
25/03/2013 |  南方朔|明報

台灣本質上極端重視學歷,但整個社會又非常不喜歡讀書,卻又很會炒作新聞。上個星期就出了兩則新聞,充分顯露出這種病態。


上星期被瘋狂炒作的是吳寶春的新聞。吳寶春是個初中畢業的麵包師傅。台灣的烘焙業很早以前就跟隨日本的經驗,懂得參加國際的麵包點心比賽,乃是揚名立萬、爭取個人出人頭地的機會,台灣麵包師傅裏的老輩人物像張振民、吳朝福等都在國際比賽中得過金銀獎牌。只是以前台灣社會發展的條件不足,得獎只在圈內有名,並不能產生廣泛的社會效果,但近年以來,由於社會及媒體多元化,凡在任何國際比賽得到獎牌,就是「台灣之光」,就是社會上的名人,也有專門的經紀公司幫各種名人料理他的大小事情。吳寶春在2008年靠着自製的紅酒桂圓麵包,拿到了世界冠軍,從此一帆風順,他成了台灣的新名人,也有人投資他的麵包店,他在台灣高雄的一個店面,一年即創下台幣兩億的業績。

麵包大師假新聞連炒3

吳寶春在功成名就後,可能為了一圓他的學歷夢,也可能是想多學一點東西以擴大他的事業,於是一個朋友就建議他去新加坡國立大學的EMBA班申請入學。他在台北《天下雜誌》所公開的一段影片中也表示無法在台灣深造的遺憾。但就是這麼簡單的兩個動作,上個星期卻被他的經紀公司及台灣媒體大炒特炒,簡直炒成了天大地大的新聞。
上個星期,吳寶春的新聞被連炒了3天。台灣媒體繪聲繪影的宣稱吳寶春向台灣的政大及中山大學的EMBA班申請就讀但被拒絕,而新加坡大學則派了十幾個口試官來台對吳寶春口試;其實這些都是子虛烏有的謊言,吳寶春根本就沒有向政大及中山大學提出申請;至於新加坡方面,吳寶春只提出了書面申請,根本未接獲對方的口試通知。但就靠着這些假新聞,什麼「台灣人才流失」、「台灣不重視人才養成」、「台灣之光在台灣不受重視」等民粹話題開始高漲,政大和中山大學也被媒體罵得體無完膚,而電視台的那些名嘴,也趁機大放厥詞。台灣的媒體和名嘴完全沒有去追究事實的能力,只是以訛傳訛的吹風煽火,而最糟糕的,乃是台灣政府的表現了。台灣政府在許多大政方針上超級的沒有效率,但一涉及這種民粹議題,馬英九也立即站了出來,表示教育部應修改法規,讓吳寶春可以在台灣念EMBA

吳寶春的新聞被炒作了3天。由整起事件,我們可以說它乃是吳寶春的經紀公司的傑作。他的經紀公司利用吳寶春是個「台灣之光」的名人身分,結合了媒體,將新加坡重視吳寶春這個人才而台灣不重視這個人才大炒而特炒,炒成了一個民粹話題。而台灣的媒體也完全沒有思考的能力,跟着起哄。彷彿像吳寶春這種人去新加坡念EMBA,就是台灣的奇恥大辱,這就是典型的民粹主義。難怪台灣的《中國時報》要說「吳寶春上學記,一場灑狗血的連續劇」了。如果吳寶春這種「台灣之光」的名人可以念EMBA,近年來台灣的各種名人多矣。如果吳寶春可念EMBA,那麼其他「台灣之光」也要念EMBA,那該怎麼辦,繼吳寶春的新聞後,另一個著名的台灣廚師「阿基師」也表示要念EMBA,名人要去念EMBA,在不久的未來,肯定會成為台灣EMBA教育上的重要話題。

台整個社會其實不愛讀書

而就在「台灣之光」的名人吳寶春的新聞被大力炒作的此刻,台灣的文化部也公布了一份資料,顯示出台灣社會雖然很重視教育文憑,但整個社會其實並不喜歡讀書。2011年,台灣的出版業,營業額僅764億元(台幣.下同),衰退了5.4%,內銷營業額也衰退5.6%,台灣人平均每天看書時間只有40分鐘每年花在買書上的金錢也只有1536元,每人每年平均只讀兩本書法國為10本,日本為8.4本,韓國為10.8本,新加坡為9.2本,以色列為1015本,俄羅斯為15本。重視文憑,只看健康養生、推理情色文學賺錢理財類的實用書籍,對智性的書籍卻愈來愈沒有興趣,這其實已顯露出台灣文化發展的悲哀。

因此,台灣是個很畸形的社會,台灣有很強的士大夫傳統,很重視大學的文憑,但這種文憑主義卻又是功利性的,卻又沒有古代知識分子求知的傳統,除了課本之外,不會去多讀一點其他的書。台灣不重視技職教育,不重視一般的人文教育,這遂使得像吳寶春這樣的名人,在投職有了成就後,也想去大學的EMBA班就讀。整個吳寶春上學的故事,就是一齣經紀故事炒作新聞的荒誕劇,它提不出一套完整的說理,它是在用「台灣之光」名人的大帽子在壓所有的人,而第一個被壓倒的就是台灣的政府。

其實,一個社會本來就職業無貴賤,一個初中畢業的麵包師傅,只要他在技職上有成就,他所從事的職業就自然而然的會有行業規則,去鼓勵他完成職業上的企圖心,他根本不需要去那個大學EMBA班加以調校,他如果事業可以再發展,成為麵包大亨,他就可以成為大學EMBA班上的一個範例,他就可以去EMBA班上現身說法,去講授自己成功的經驗。我似乎並沒有聽說過哪個米芝蓮的大主廚還要去念個什麼EMBA班的。台灣正因為技職教育不受重視,才會造成技職有成就的人也要去念大學EMBA班的事,一個只有初中畢業的麵包師傅,如果挾着名人的身分可以念相當於碩博士等級的EMBA,那麼EMBA這種學科算是什麼?難道只要成了名人就可以去念EMBAEMBA難道就是名人班?

因此,從吳寶春的念EMBA炒出來的新聞,再到台灣人一年只讀兩本書,它們都顯示了台灣的整個教育體系的確出了嚴重的問題。台灣人重文憑,但卻又不讀書,不能自主的追求知性與靈性的自我成長,那才是問題的關鍵!




26/03/2013 | 南方朔 | 中國時報

先從近代兩個偉人說起:

     第一個是哈奇森(Francis Hutcheson),他是神學家及道德哲學家,也是亞當斯密的老師,後人都尊稱他為「蘇格蘭啟蒙運動之父」。他最傑出的乃是對教育思想的貢獻。他認為神學、哲學、科學與美學都是在探討世上道理不同方法,並不互相牴觸。因此在他的教育課程裡,神學、倫理學、修辭學與詩學,以及數學、物理學、醫學和機械學都等量齊觀,開創了現代教育的新境界;蘇格蘭啟蒙運動開始了現代科學發明及工業革命的新時代。

     第二個是威瑟斯朋(John Witherspoon)。他是英格蘭長老教會的牧師和道德哲學家。由於聲名在外,一七六八年初,美國的普林斯頓學院特請他擔任校長,於是他偕妻子搭乘輪船,走了十一個星期,當年八月到了普林斯頓。他的到來,是美國教育史的里程碑,他把哈奇森的教育理念帶了進來。學風自由、努力求知、鼓勵創新等新的方法進入美國,使普林斯頓人才薈萃,政治家和科學家輩出。

     由於普林斯頓傑出的表現,於是當時美國東岸的哈佛、耶魯等全都仿效。這種努力求知、探求根本的態度,從此以後,成了美國國民的傳統,一直延續至今。威瑟斯朋在校長任內,基於他的道德良知,他也是美國獨立立憲時,教育知識界重要的領導者。

     因此,可以說,哈奇森和威瑟斯朋這兩個教育界的偉人,真的掌握到了現代知識的樞紐。現代社會從十七世紀就已進入了知識社會的階段。而所謂的知識,並非只是哪一種技術,而是做為一個神聖個人,理解自己、社會和自然世界統一整合的思想方法,這乃是做為一個「全人」的人生目的。這種對人生目的之追求,不只是正式教育的目標,也是個人非正式教育日常閱讀的關鍵。西方世界雖然由於時代的變化,庸俗的成份有在增多,但西方社會那種拒絕庸俗的知識人口仍然強固的存在。這也是它們的出版界仍然旺盛,社會創新的潛力也仍然繼續的原因。根據我有限的訊息,英美每年出版品裡,來自大學出版社的出版品即占了十五%左右,這些出版品裡多少都有些知識含金量,這也是我幾乎不是英美大學版社的書就不買的原因。

     但台灣無論正式教育或非正式的閱讀,卻顯然離開這種知識社會的要求極遠。台灣的正式教育和職業訓練班無異。台灣的大學教育不重視每個學科的學術史啟發,不關心思想方法和興趣的培養,也不關心廣泛的人文與自然科學基本素質提高。這遂成了台灣重文憑、但人們除了教科書之外即不閱讀的習性。

     除了正式教育缺乏了那種鼓勵人們對知識好奇的欲望之外,更糟糕的乃是台灣居然是個不閱讀的社會。台灣的國民平均每年閱讀兩本書,平均每年每人購書的金額只有一五三六元。今天台灣的人愈來愈聰明靈巧,大家都很會上網找資訊;當別人呼什麼口號時,我們也很快就學會這種口號。但資訊與口號畢竟不是知識,一個只看資訊但不閱讀的社會,就只能註定是個代工型的社會。台灣缺乏了創新的潛力,只會人云亦云的學舌,這真不是沒有原因的。

     啟蒙時代的大師們鼓吹一種知識時代的新價值,就是要對各種人文及自然世界的知識充滿好奇和探究根本的熱情。就小處論,可以透過根本的反省,打磨個人的品質;就大處而言,可以反省社會和政治,創造更好的未來;而對自然世界的道理好奇,即可在科學上有所突破,克服自然對人類強加的限制。這種新價值影響到了整個時代,縱使沒念過什麼書的瓦特,也深受哈奇森啟發,發明了蒸汽機,對人類文明產生了重大的貢獻。那個時代,大家對社會及政治的根本問題都很關心,也造成美國的獨立建國和英國的社會政治大改革時代。一個大家都重視知識的時代,小者有助於個人幸福的創造,大則可以開創整個進步的時代

     但像台灣這樣的社會,人們不思不讀,對社會、政治的根本問題不能產生新的想法,因此對專制和民主的劃分,到了現在還在糾纏。整個台灣在程度上無法有真正的改革,而在經濟及產業上,別的國家都在快速的進步,台灣卻仍原地踏步,台灣不思不讀,這真是致命的文化疾病啊!



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